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2-Way Crossover Design / Calculator Help

  Crossovers are used to filter frequencies from a driver. A High Pass Filter (HPF) filters low frequencies and a Low Pass Filter (LPF) filters out high frequencies. Crossovers are necessary to prevent overlap in frequency responce from different drivers in a system, and to prevent a driver from producing frequencies it was not designed for.

  You should be aware that crossovers can produce phase shift problems. A second order crossover will shift the phase of each speaker 90 degrees, so that both speakers are 180 degrees out of phase. This means that at the crossover frequency, the two drivers will be moving in opposite directions at the same time. They will cancel each other out, and produce a 30db dip in the frequency response at the crossover point. Reversing polarity of one (but not both) of the speakers will limit this dip to +- 3db. You can find more information on phase shift at the end of the crossover faq.

  In the following formulas, use the tables to look up the cratio and lratio values. The results are multiplied by 1,000,000 and 1,000 to change F and H into uF and mH values.

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1st Order Crossovers

Rh = Driver Impedance of the High Freq Driver in Ohms Rl = Driver Impedance of the Low Freq Driver in Ohms f = Crossover Frequency in Hz

	Butterworth	Solen Split
cratio1	.1590	.1125
lratio1	.1592	.2251

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2nd Order Crossovers

	Linkwitz-Riley	Butterworth	Bessel	Chebychev
cratio1	.0796	.1125	.0912	.1592
cratio2	.0796	.1125	.0912	.1592
lratio1	.3183	.2251	.2756	.1592
lratio2	.3183	.2251	.2756	.1592

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3rd Order Crossovers

	Butterworth	Bessel
cratio1	.1061	.0791
cratio2	.3183	.3953
cratio3	.2122	.1897
lratio1	.1194	.1317
lratio2	.2387	.3294
lratio3	.0796	.0659

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4th Order Crossovers

	Linkwitz-Riley	Bessel	Butterworth
cratio1	.0844	.0702	.1040
cratio2	.1688	.0719	.1470
cratio3	.2533	.2336	.2509
cratio4	.0563	.0504	.0609
lratio1	.1000	.0862	.1009
lratio2	.4501	.4983	.4159
lratio3	.3000	.3583	.2437
lratio4	.1500	.1463	.1723

	Legendre	Gaussian	Linear Phase
cratio1	.1104	.0767	.0741
cratio2	.1246	.1491	.1524
cratio3	.2365	.2235	.2255
cratio4	.0910	.0768	.0632
lratio1	.1073	.1116	.1079
lratio2	.2783	.3251	.3853
lratio3	.2294	.3253	.3285
lratio4	.2034	.1674	.1578

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6th Order Crossovers

	Linkwitz-Riley
cratio1	.0884
cratio2	.1081
cratio3	.2188
cratio4	.2947
cratio5	.1783
cratio6	.0398
lratio1	.0859
lratio2	.1420
lratio3	.6366
lratio4	.2865
lratio5	.2344
lratio6	.1157